Umbilical Cord Cyst

“Prevalence:

  • 1 in 100 pregnancies.

Ultrasound diagnosis:

  • True cysts are derived from the embryological remnants of either the allantois or the omphalomesenteric duct and are typically located towards the fetal insertion of the cord.
  • Pseudocysts are more common than true cysts and are located anywhere along the cord. They have no epithelial lining and represent localized edema and liquefaction of Wharton’s jelly.

Associated abnormalities:

  • Single cysts are usually transient with no adverse effect.
  • Multiple cysts are associated with increased risk of miscarriage, trisomies 18 and 13, omphalocele, VACTREL association and fetal growth restriction.

Investigations:

  • Detailed ultrasound examination.
  • Fetal karyotyping for non-isolated cases.

Prognosis:

  • Isolated cases: normal prognosis.

Recurrence risk:

  • Isolated cases: no increased risk of recurrence.
  • Part of trisomies: 1%.”

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